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PC Components Basic Knowledge
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PC Components Basic Knowledge

Date
Apr 23, 2023
Tag
Hardware

Memory

DDR5 SDRAM: Double Data Rate 5 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory
  • Double Data Rate: A DDR SDRAM with a certain clock frequency achieves nearly twice the bandwidth of a SDR (single data rate) SDRAM running at the same clock frequency, due to this double pumping.

DDR5 vs DDR4

notion image
Power management
DDR5 DIMMs will have a 12-V power management IC (PMIC) on DIMM allowing for better granularity of system power loading. The PMIC distributes the 1.1 V VDD supply, helping with signal integrity and noise with better on-DIMM control of the power supply.
A Smarter DIMM with DDR5
The SPD (Serial Presence Detect) data provides critical information about all modules on the memory channel and is intended to be used by the system's BIOS in order to properly initialize and optimize the system memory channels.
The DDR5 server DIMM chipset replaces the DDR4 SPD IC with an SPD Hub IC and adds two temperature sensor (TS) ICs. The SPD Hub has an integrated TS, which in conjunction with the two discrete TS ICs, provides three points of thermal telemetry from the RDIMM (Registered DIMM).
With DDR5, the communication bus between chips gets an upgrade to I3C running 10X faster than the I2C bus used in DDR4.

The differences in key properties of DDR3, DDR4, and DDR5

Features
DDR3
DDR4
DDR5
Release Date
2007
2014
2020
Clock Rate
400–1066 MHz
800–1600 MHz
2400–3600 MHz
Voltage
1.5 V
1.2 V
1.1 V
Transfer Rate
800–2133 MT/s
1600–3200 MT/s
4800–7200 MT/s
Bandwidth
6400–17066 MB/s
12800–25600 MB/s
38400–57600 MB/s
Max Die Density
4 Gbit
16 Gbit
64 Gbit
Max UDIMM Size
8 GB
32 GB
128 GB
Max Data Rate
1.6 Gbps
3.2Gbps
6.4Gbps
Channels
1
1
2
Banks Per Group
8
4
4
Bank Groups
1
44653
44777
Burst Length
BL8
BL8
BL16
DIMM Pins
240 (R, LR, U); 204 (SODIMM)
288 (R, LR, U); 260 (SODIMM)
288 (R, LR, U); 260 (SODIMM)
DIMM Types
RDIMM, LRDIMM, UDIMM, SODIMM
RDIMM, LRDIMM, UDIMM, SODIMM
RDIMM, LRDIMM, UDIMM, SODIMM

Storage

2 Types of M.2 SSDs: SATA and NVMe

SATA M.2 SSD: SATA M.2 SSDs use the SATA interface with a maximum data transfer rate of 6Gbps which is slow compared to newer interfaces (more on that below). SATA-based SSDs are the lowest grade of SSDs in terms of performance and use the same interface as hard drives. Still, SATA-based SSDs have three to four times the bandwidth compared to spinning disk hard drives. SATA SSDs are more available and affordable than NVMe SSDs. SATA M.2 SSDs can be a great alternative to a 2.5-inch SSD if you don’t have room for a 2.5-inch SSD in your computer.
NVMe M.2 SSD: NVMe M.2 SSDs utilize the NVMe protocol that was specifically designed for SSDs. NVMe SSDs communicate directly with the system CPU using the PCIe sockets. Essentially, it allows flash memory to operate as an SSD directly through the PCIe sockets rather than having to use the SATA communication driver which is a lot slower than NVMe.

PCIE 5 vs. PCIE 4

PCI Express 5 vs. 4: What’s New? [Everything You Need to Know]
Introduction What’s new about PCI Express 5 (PCIe 5)? The latest PCI Express standard, PCIe 5, represents a doubling of speed over the PCIe 4.0
PCI Express 5 vs. 4: What’s New? [Everything You Need to Know]
https://www.rambus.com/blogs/pci-express-5-vs-4/
PCI Express 5 vs. 4: What’s New? [Everything You Need to Know]

Reference